Computer Firewalls - A Rough Guide - Part 1

To understand what a computer firewall is, it helps tothey're not sure.
understand what real firewalls are. Firewalls help toThe first time a particular program accesses the
prevent fire from spreading from one section of aInternet, you will be sent an alert, and you can modify
building to another. The firewalls themselves are simplythe firewall by either allowing or disallowing that
structures that can limit access from one side toparticular program to access the Internet. Don't
another. Computer firewalls are exactly the sameautomatically allow access to the Internet for any
because they restrict the flow of program instructionsrandom programs. If you don't recognize the program
and the flow of data in and out of a computer system.that's requesting access, you should disallow the
There are basically two kinds of firewalls - hardwareaccess. If you're installing software, most software will
and software. Although it seems as if these are twospecify which firewall settings are needed to run
totally separate items in fact they must exist together.specific programs so you know which programs you
Hardware can't do much without the extra software itcan allow through the firewall and which you should not
requires to run, and software simply doesn't existallow.
without the hardware.Your computer has several ports, which are numbers
Hardware firewalls are usually used within businessesused by network software to distinguish Internet traffic,
or large companies because they control the flow ofand hackers can get access to your computer
traffic between networks. For example, a corporatethrough open ports. If a hacker finds an open port he
firewall might control traffic between the corporatecan use that open port to transmit a worm which can
network and the Internet. When firewalls are in usethen infect your system to give that hacker control
incoming traffic from the Internet can be restricted toover your personal computer. Firewalls automatically
areas that have been identified as public use areas orprotect most open ports and watch for these kinds of
to specific computers on that network.attacks.
Sometimes corporate networks will also use internalIn fact, if you buy a good firewall program, you can
firewalls, which can keep resources restricted toeven use that software to hide the very existence of
specific groups of people or computers, or to preventopen ports, not just close them. This means that
viruses from spreading from one area to another.instead of a hacker learning that there is an open port,
Software firewalls, which are more commonly usedbut it's protected by a firewall, he will not see that
for personal computer use, are slower than hardwarethere any ports available at all which in effect renders
firewalls and use resources from your personalyour computer invisible.
computer.Even though firewalls do the work that we wish we
Because firewalls can control both outbound andcould do ourselves -- keeping out the unwanted
inbound traffic to the Internet they can help to preventvisitors to our personal computer system -- they are
access your system by viruses or hackers. If younot totally perfect. Firewalls are vulnerable to virus
have antivirus software you might think that the there'sattacks and attacks by Trojan horses and worms.
no need for a firewall, but the reality is the two mustThe viruses can modify system settings and take
work together. Because e-mail programs, browsers,down the firewall and make your computer vulnerable
and even antivirus software require connection to theto hackers.
Internet, it's important that a personal firewall is set upThis is why, when you install a firewall, it helps to have
to allow certain kinds of traffic while disallowing othersolid antivirus software as well. Keep your antivirus
kinds of traffic.software up to date, and you will also be protecting
Firewalls can become as smart as you allow them toyour firewall as well as the other data on your
become. For example, they can learn which programscomputer.
access the Internet freely and they'll also ask you if