Do You Know the Dangers - Guide to Types of Computer Viruses & Malware

Computer security is an essential part of protection forOne way is by clicking on a bad link from a bad site.
your PC from the dangers lurking on the Internet, inTwo, through small windows of advertising that pop up
fact, surfing the net without Malware Security is likeduring web browsing (pop-ups). Third, there is what is
walking through a hospital without an Immune System.called a drive-by type download and that is where
There are zillions of threats, from minimal nuisances toSpyware infects computers without the user noticing,
severe Malware that can completely and permanentlyjust by visiting a bad web page. Tip: All web browsers
disable vital functions to where the entire operatingallow you to check a "block pop-ups" selection which
system needs to be reinstalled and all programs andcan be accessed from the browser toolbar under
data lost.options.
What is Malware: Malware is short for malicious codeAdware: Threat Level: Low to Intermediate. Adware is
software (mal-ware), which includes any and all formsAdvertising Display Software that delivers ads in a
of code designed with malicious intent. Malware is themanner or context that is unexpected, unsolicited and
umbrella under which all security dangers exist, such asautomatically loaded. Many adware applications also
viruses, worms, spyware, phishing, adware, trackingperform tracking functions, and therefore may also be
cookies and rootkits.categorized as Tracking Technologies. Adware
What is a computer Virus: Threat Level - Intermediatecauses pop-up windows with advertisements in the
to Severe. A computer virus is a malicious code thatbrowser based on the information it collects from the
adds itself to other programs that exist on theuser's browsing patterns. Sometimes adware may be
computer (host), including operating systems. Manyinstalled in conjunction with a companion Spyware
computer viruses spread quickly and wreck havoc onprogram.
the system host, including potential destruction ofPhishing: Threat Level - Severe. Phishing is a form of
operating systems and data.Internet fraud that aims at identity theft. It's purpose is
There are different types of viruses and they rangeto steal valuable information such as credit cards,
from being a nuisance that constantly displays pop-upssocial security numbers, user IDs and passwords.
to severe dangers that delete system files, attach toA phishing site is a duplicate of a legitimate site and it is
registries, destroy the user's ability to log into thecreated to dupe users into logging in and therefore
Internet and even destroying the computer's operatingstealing private information. Many phishing scams are
system along with all the data that is on it. Unless youperpetrated via mass emails which alert the customer
have completely backed-up the data on your PC,to some problem with your customer account or
recovering that data will be impossible if you have tosome other hook, usually from a bank, or Paypal or
re-install the operating system after a virus infection.some other institution and it lures people into entering
While there are many different viruses, the Trojantheir private data by following a link to the phishing site
Horse is one of the most severe and all though threatof a real site.
severity levels vary within the different types ofThe recent IRS rebates spawned a phishing scam,
Trojans, basically they are all dangerous and shouldwhere mass emails were sent with IRS logos
always be protected against. Unfortunately someinforming taxpayers that they are due a rebate check
Trojans infect computers and cause such damagebut they must first follow the IRS link and input their
that it becomes irreversible and a reinstall of the entireinformation to receive the rebate. The link, of course,
operating system becomes necessary.leads to a phishing site where unsuspecting people
The best protection against computer viruses isenter personal information, like social security numbers
prevention, early detection and removal. A goodwhich are then hijacked by identity thieves.
anti-virus/ Malware security software can protect yourIt is important to realize that most reputable companies
computers and provide peace of mind when surfingdo not usually send emails soliciting private data. In fact,
the net.Paypal explicitly lets its users know that they never
P2P File Sharing and Virus Dangers: One of thesolicit customers via email in any way. The IRS has a
easiest ways to get a virus is by downloading unsafefraud alert on their homepage advising taxpayers of
freeware, shareware or person 2 person (P2P) fromsuch phishing scams. If you get emails like this just hit
file sharing sites. Specifically those sites that providethe SPAM button and run for your life or at the very
P2P free music downloads. Some of these sites areleast check with the institution that sent the email in
Limewire, Bearshare and Morpheus. Users create asome other way.
free account on these sites, download the softwareThere is also the danger of running into a phishing site
(which is sometimes full of Spyware/Adware on itswhile web browsing, it is important to have computer
own) and get access to millions of other peoples filessecurity software that will alert to phishing sites with
through what is called the Gnutella Network. Users canreal-time protection. Phishing security is NOT standard
search for MP3 music files and download them fromon all anti virus software and Malware removal
other people's computers through this Network.programs. When considering a security program make
First, this is illegal, but that's a whole other topic. Withsure to look for phishing protection.
these types of downloads there is no way of knowingDrive-By Downloads: Threat Level - Low to Severe
what is actually on these files and it is easy toDrive-By download is where all types of Malware can
download a serious viruses and especially a Trojan.infect your computer via a visit to a web page. The
These P2P sites should be avoided to ensureMalware codes are embedded in these bad sites and
computer security. For a few bucks you can get legallooks for users computers to become hosts to attach
and safe music downloads at sites like Napster anditself to. It is important to look for drive-by or real time
Rhapsody. Play it safe, paying the few bucks is wellprotection when considering security software.
worth it, as it can save lots of money, not to mentionDrive-by or real time protection should be included on
the hassle of having to fix a damaged computer.the anti virus software that is on the computer.
Worms: Threat Level - Severe. A computer Worm isRootkits: Threat Level - Severe. Rootkits are really
a a type of especially nasty Malware that is abad because they can hide their existence from
self-replicating computer program, which at one pointoperating systems and users and cause major
almost brought the entire Internet to its knees. Unlike adestruction. Because Rootkits create stealth program
virus, it doesn't attach itself to an existing program andcodes that run at a lower level than can be detected
does not infect computer files, instead it wrecks havocwith all normal anti virus software and Malware
on systems as it creates endless copies of itself, withremoval programs, it is crucial to make sure that the
the goal of taking up as much space as possible onsecurity software explicitly protects against rootkits.
the PC and creating program problems.Cookies: Threat Level - Low. Some cookies are
Worms almost always cause harm to the network, ifpositive and really do not harm to your system in
only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almostanyway, they simply temporarily store your log-in
always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer.information so that you do not have to enter it again
Internet worms are most prevalent today in the formwhen you return to that site. Plus, many sites will not
of email attachments. Two of the worst worms everrun properly without cookies enabled and so they are
were Mydoom and Morris.a necessary element. And these temporary cookies
Worms are usually sent via email by attachments, youcan be cleared from within your browser at any time
should never open an attachment in your email fromyou.
an unknown source. Also, when deciding on an antiOn the other hand Tracking Cookies are a form of
virus security program it is important to make sure thatTracking Technology. Tracking Cookies are used to
the email scanner is activated and that the softwaretrack the surfing habits of users in order to manage,
covers protection, detection and removal features foranalyze advertising data, and they may be used with
worms.the more malicious intent of monitoring user activity
Spyware: Threat Level - Low to Severe. Spyware ismore closely. Tracking cookies are usually easily
one of the most common types of Malware and oftendetected and protection from them comes standard
slows computer performance. Spyware spies on youron most anti virus and Malware security software.
web browsing activities and comes in forms ofIt can be more difficult to remove Malware if infection
keyloggers (where your keystrokes are monitored),occurs than to protect against it and some Malware
recording/sending your web browsing habits to a thirdcauses such damage that a complete operating
party, causing unwanted pop-up adds, hijacking homesystem reinstall is required. There are many Malware
search pages and making changes to them, as wellsecurity softwares, including some great free ones,
as, redirecting browsing results.and firewalls, that offer various levels of protection.
A Spyware infection can be caught in several ways.