Outsourcing Personal Data:just How Secure is It?

As companies seek greater ways to find costmean that the company can also transfer its legal
savings, the lure of contracting cheap labor overseascompliance obligations with respect to the
continues to grow. Outsourcing overseas is becomingperformance of that function. In fact, despite
increasingly common in the banking, financial services,transferring the function, the firm may well remain
retailing, insurance, and telecommunications sectors. Butlegally responsible to interested third parties (such as
when companies choose to outsource the processinggovernment entities, customers, employees, other
of sensitive personal information, are they losing controlvendors) for the successful performance of the
of security as well?function, and in some instances, the company may be
Securing personal data within our own borders seemsresponsible for ensuring that the processes used to
to be challenging enough. On February 7, 2006, one ofperform the transferred function conform to applicable
Massachusetts’ largest hospitals, Brigham andregulations. Of course, in addition to legal troubles, the
Women’s Hospital, said that it mistakenly faxedpublic relations fallout for a company who falls prey to
sensitive confidential patient information to an incorrecta data security breach can be devastating.
business fax number and is conducting an internalSo what steps should a company take to secure their
investigation into the matter.outsourcing operations abroad and protect customer
Last year, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolinadata?
inadvertently printed Social Security numbers onFirst and foremost, a strong and well-understood
envelopes it recently sent to 629 of its members.security policy must be put in place and followed
Sending data processing tasks overseasvigorously before any data is outsourced overseas.
doesn’t appear to relieve security concerns. NotIn addition:
long ago, a woman in Pakistan recently struck fear· Visit the outsourcing site, and require the
among executives who outsource. She had obtainedoutsourcing vendor to provide proof of a security audit
sensitive patient documents from the University ofby a reputable third party or industry group. The
California, San Francisco Medical Center through avendor should demonstrate policies, procedures and
medical transcription subcontractor that she workedtechnical safeguards are equal to or better than the
for, and she threatened to post the files on the Internetcompany’s.
unless she was paid more money. The transcriber· Conduct a remote vulnerability scan to
ultimately rescinded her e-mailed threat, and the UCSFdetermine what internal information the company can
Medical Center fired the contractor who hired theaccess from the outside.
subcontractor who was ultimately responsible for the· Require the outsourcing vendor to encrypt all
Pakistani woman's work, but this incident exposed thedata in storage and in transit, and physical security
fact that the hospital wasn't keeping track of exactlycontrols should be in place to mitigate the risk of data
where its medical records were going or who hadleaving the facility via any media, recording devices,
access to them.cameras and hard copies.
To put the risks in perspective, India’s National· Provide only partial information about a
Association of Software and Services companiescustomer – not the full profile.
reported recently that India’s outsourcingWhen executing a written contract with the
industry is creating jobs at the rate of nearly 100,000 aoutsourcer, the following provisions should be included:
year, and its revenue is growing more than 40%· A prohibition on the service provider from
annually. Analyst first Gartner Inc. estimates that globaldisclosing or using data or information for any purpose
spending on offshore outsourcing services will top $50other than to carry out the contracted services.
billion by 2007. Many of these outsourced operations· The service provider should provide a copy
involve handling and processing customer transactionsof all customer data in its possession or control upon
and sensitive personal information, and most U.S.request.
companies aren’t ramping up security measures· Never grant any subcontractor access to the
at these locations to manage that growth.outsourcer’s data unless the company has
The United States has never enacted aapproved the subcontractor and assumes all security
comprehensive data protection or privacy law, andprovisions of the outsourcing agreement.
even highly-regulated data (such as healthcare· The outsourcer should be precluded from
information subject to the Health Insurance Portabilityholding data hostage in the event of a dispute.
and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations and· The contract should be reviewed by counsel
financial information subject to the Gramm-Leach Blileyexperienced in the outsourcer’s
Act (GLBA)) are not subject to any trans-bordercountry’s laws to determine the enforceability
regulations. However the lack of a data privacy lawof all aspects of the contract.
dealing with outsourcing does not mean that aFinally, a company should develop a formal plan for
company’s use of off-shore vendors is withoutresponding to “worst case scenario” type
risk. The U.S. laws do impose various obligations onevents, such as misappropriation of personal data. It
companies to maintain the privacy and security of itswould identify both local legal resources that could be
U.S. databases, and these obligations necessitate thatcalled upon quickly as well as the legal recourse that
the company ensure the requirements of law are met.would be sought in the event of a security incident or
But just because a company transfers thebreach of contract.
performance of a function to a third party, it does not