The Basics of Network Security

A network is two or more computers linked together“patch” their programs and software to prevent
in order to share data. From a security standpoint, thethe exploitation of that vulnerability. Without these
problem with networks is that unauthorized individualspatches, the software and programs on your
might also be able to access that data. Networkcomputer remain vulnerable.
security is a term that encompasses your overallNetwork security also depends on common sense.
system for keeping your network as impenetrable asWeak passwords can cause big problems, but are
possible, be it hardware, software, or company policies.easily avoided. Never use easy-to-guess passwords
Whether your network consists of two computers orlike your last name, phone number, or birth date.
two hundred computers, there are certain basicAlways use a combination of letters and numbers.
security measures you should have in place. Most ofYour best bet is to avoid real words altogether and
these measures aren’t complicated or expensive,use a string of numbers and letters that stand for a
and they don’t require any particular expertise insaying or phrase you can easily remember.
networking or computer security.Another common sense security measure is to delete
One of the most basic steps for securing yoursuspicious-looking email. More importantly, never open
network is to have anti-virus software in place.or download an attachment from an email address
Anti-virus software periodically sweeps your computeryou don’t recognize. Doing so could be inviting a
looking for known viruses. You can also choose to runvirus right into your computer. When in doubt, follow
a anti-virus test at any time. Once run, the softwarethis simple rule: delete without opening.
generates a report that lists the viruses detected. YouIf your business, you should also put in place security
are then able to select which, if any, of the virusespolicies to govern the behavior of authorized users.
detected you want quarantined and removed. It’sEven authorized users can pose a serious security
more important that you keep your software up torisk, sometimes without realizing it. For instance, “I
date because new viruses are created and releasedlove to dance, I love to sing” could be
every day.“1L2D1L2S,” with the number 1 replacing the
Next, make sure you have a firewall in place. A firewallletter I.
is like a gatekeeper. It’s a hardware/softwareHere are a few elements of a solid network security
combination that allows you to decide what goes inpolicy:
and out of your network. You determine the “trust• Require your employees to change their
level” to which your firewall is set. The trust levelpasswords every 3 months.
dictates which network connections will be• Do not allow employees to post their passwords
automatically allowed and which will require specificon their desk or cubicle
permission. Firewalls come with a “default”• Immediately terminate a departing employee’s
setting which is unlikely to be stringent enough to meetaccess to your network.
your security needs. For optimum security, you should• Operate on the computer network equivalent to
always manually set the trust settings to a higherthe “need to know” basis. Only allow an
degree of scrutiny.employee access to the programs and data that are
Firewalls and anti-virus software are essential foressential to his or her job.
another very important reason: they help protect your• Put all of your security guidelines down in writing,
system from adware and spyware. Adware andand post them where all of your employees can see
spyware range from annoying to very dangerous.them.
Adware slows down your system, and generatesYou want your network security policy to be tight, but
irritating pop-up ads that interfere with your work.not completely rigid. That is, if a given security measure
Spyware is much more serious. It tracks youris proving to be unworkable or a serious inconvenience,
computer usage habits, and basically opens up a doorbe willing to adjust. You can often achieve the same
to your network that allows hackers to penetrate yourresult through different means.
system without your knowing it.Last, but certainly not least, review your network
Another simple measure is to regularly downloadsecurity on a regular basis. A network that’s
patches for your software. Computer programs aresecure today may not be secure a few months down
tested for vulnerabilities and possible exploits beforethe road. Hackers are smart and are constantly
they are distributed to the public. However, it’sdeveloping ways to bypass security measures. Be
impossible to detect every single vulnerability insmarter than the hackers by staying on the cutting
advance. As new exploits are discovered, companiesedge of network security technology.